The Dead Sea Scrolls on  the Hebrew Scriptures

THE RULE OF THE COMMUNITY

1. Lines from the Priestly Blessing have been incorporated into the Qumran priests’ blessing of the community after their annual covenant confession (1QS 2:4; Num 6:26)

2. The Book of the Covenant’s commandment to stay away from falsely charging others means the Qumran Community should not associate with anyone outside (1QS 5:14-16; Ex 23:7)

3. Isaiah’s exhortation to shun worthless human affairs also means staying away from the futile work of outsiders (1QS 5:16-20; Isa 2:22)

4. Isaiah’s prophecy of God establishing an unshakeable foundation in Zion also refers to the Qumran Community council becoming perfect and preserving faithfulness for the world (1QS 8:7-8; Isa 28:16)

5. Isaiah’s prophecy of one making a path for God in the wilderness signifies the Qumran Community studying and living by Torah in away in the wilderness (1QS 8:14-16; Isa 40:3)

   1. Prepare = study and live by

   2. The way = Torah

   3. The wilderness = the wilderness

THE DAMASCUS DOCUMENT

6. Hosea’s prophecy of strayed Israel signified some ‘scoffer’ who led Israel astray (CD-A 1:13-14; Hos 4:16)

7. Some ‘scoffer’ had been prophesied by Isaiah to lead Israel into the wilderness without any path by loosening the Torah finding loopholes, breaking commandments, and hating those that did good (CD-A 1:14-21; Isa 40:3)

8. The Watchers fell and Nephilim did evil because they did not know God’s commandments (CD-A 2:16-21; Gen 6:1-7)

9. Abraham was made God’s friend by not living by his heart’s desire (CD-A 3:2-3; Isa 41:8)

10. Israel disobeyed God’s command to take the land because they wanted to do what their hearts desired (CD-A 3:7-8; Deut 9:23)

11. The apostate Israelites who worshiped the golden calf were killed by the Levites for doing what they desired in their hearts (CD-A 3:10-12; Ex 32:25-28)

12. God’s word to Ezekiel assuring the faithful priests will stand before Him and serve Him signifies the Qumran Community having converted and following God’s covenant according to their own interpretation (CD-A 3:20-4:4; Ez 44:15)

    1. “The priests” = Qumran converts who left Judah

    2. “The levites” = those that join the priests in Qumran

    3. “The sons of Zadok” = the predestined Israelites who last until the eschaton

13. Isaiah’s prophecy of people being caught signifies Israel fornicating, being drawn after a love of wealth, and running the Temple wrongly (CD-A 4:12-19; Isa 24:17-18)

    1. “The panic” = fornication/polygamy

    2. “The pit” = Love of wealth

    3. “The net” = Defilement of the Temple

14. Zaw Zaw, as the preacher or prophet that Micah had talked about, also singified some coming false teacher that would lead people astray in polygamy (CD-A 4:20-21; Mic 2:6)

15. God making one male and one female together as His image means polygamy is wrong (CD-A 4:20-21; Gen 1:27)

16. God leading the animals into the ark two by two means polygamy is wrong (CD-A 5:1; Gen 7:9)

17. God making a law against kings accumulating lots of wives means that polygamy is wrong for everyone (CD-A 5:2; Deut 17:17)

18. God commanding men one to sleep with a mother or sister or whatever female kin also applies to father and brother and male kin (CD-A 5:7-11, Lev 18:13)

19. Israel’s desert song about digging a well and God providing water signifies the Qumran Community being established on the Torah (CD-A 6:2-11; Num 21:18)

    1. “The well” = Torah

    2. “The princes” = Qumran converts who left Judah

    3. “The staff” = the Interpreter of Torah

    4. “The nobles” = those who last until the eschaton

20. Isaiah’s speech of a weapon God will create to defend Israel signifies the interpretation of Torah (CD-A 6:8; Isa 54:16)

21. God’s word to the people through Malachi about shutting the Temple gates and putting an end to unpleasing sacrifices signifies to the Qumran Community not entering the defiled Temple nor offering vain sacrifices (CD-A 6:11-14; Mal 1:10)

22. The commandments God gave men and their wives and fathers and daughters concerning oaths is also significant for their camping in tents, following their Rule of the Community, and taking wives and having children according to Torah (CD-A 7:6-9; Num 30:16)

23. Isaiah’s prophecy of a doom that had not happened since the split of Israel signifies a doom that will come upon those that despise God’s word (CD-A 7:9-14; Isa 7:17)

    1. Ephraim = renegades that died by the sword

    2. Judah = the faithful who went to Damascus

24. Amos’ prophecy of Israel’s idolatry in the wilderness leading to exile signifies God leading them out to Damascus (CD-A 7:14-19; Am 5:26-27)

    1. “Sikkut”/“Sukkat” = Torah

    2. “The King” = the Qumran Community

    3. “Kiyyum” = the Prophets that Israel despised

    4. “The star” = the Interpreter of Torah

25. Amos’ prophecy of God raising up David’s lineage signifies the Qumran Community faithfully following Torah (CD-A 7:15-16; Am 9:11)

    1. The Sukkat/tent = Sikkut/Torah

26. Balaam’s inspired prophecy of a coming king from Judah signifies some prince of the congregation who will destroy the unfaithful Jews (CD-A 7:18-20; Num 24:17)

    1. “The scepter” = the prince of the congregation

27. Moses’ Song about the deadliness of the nations signifies the nations and Greek people that led Judah astray (CD-A 8:8-12; Deut 32:33)

    1. “The serpents” = the kings of the peoples

    2. “The wine” = the way of the kings

    3. “The asps’ head” = the heads of the kings of Greece

28. Moses’ prophecy of Israel inheriting the promised land only by His grace signifies God choosing to save them (CD-A 8:14-18; Deut 9:5)

29. The command in Torah to keep every oath as means anyone who makes an oath should fulfill it even at the price of death (CD-A 16:6-8; Deut 23:23)

30. God claiming vengeance for Himself means people could be punished by the Community but not by an accuser who is malicious or without witnesses (CD-A 9:2-5, Nah 1:2)

31. The commandment to keep the Sabbath holy means the Qumran Community should be extra careful and begin to rest when the sun is its own length away from sundown (CD-A 10:14-17; Deut 5:12)

32. The proverb about God hating the sacrifice of the wicked means impure people who offer up anything on the altar or even people who send impure people to offer up anything on the altar (CD-A 11:18-21; Prov 15:8)

33. Balaam’s foreseeing of the star of Jacob and scepter of Israel destroying Moab and Seth was a prophesy of God leading them into war at the end of time to destroy the other many peoples (1QM [+1Q33] 11:6-9; Num 24:17-19)

34. Isaiah’s prophecy of Ashur falling with no human sword signifies God delivering the Kittim into their hands (1QM [+1Q33] 11:11-12; Isa 31:8)

FLORILEGIUM

1. Nathan’s prophecy of God establishing a house without any trouble against signifies an eschatological establishment of a Davidic leader (4Q174 [4QFlor] Frag. 1-3 col. 1:1-2; 2 Sam 7:10-11)

2. The Song of the Sea’s reference to Yahweh establishing His sanctuary signifies Him establishing an eschatological Davidic kingdom by revealing the sons of light as His holy and untouchable people (4Q174 [4QFlor] Frag. 1-3 col. 1:1-6; Ex 15:17-18)

3. Nathan’s prophecy of David having rest from his enemies signifies the eschatological Davidic kingdom that will not fall or be destroyed by Belial (4Q174 [4QFlor] Frag. 1-3 col. 1:7-9; 2 Sam 7:11)

   1. Enemies = sons of Belial

4. Yahweh’s declaration to David that He will build him a house and raise up his son as His own son signifies the eschatological “branch of David” who will interpret Torah (4Q174 [4QFlor] Frag. 1-3 col. 1; 2 Sam 7:12-14)

   1. Son = “branch of David”

5. Amos’ prophecy that God will bring up David’s fallen shelter in the end signifies Him sending His son to save Israel (4Q174 [4QFlor] Frag. 1-3 col. 1:12-13; Amos 9:11)

6. Ezekiel’s prophecy of Israel eventually not defiling itself with filthy idols signifies the Qumran council coming to the community and leaving defiled Israel (4Q174 [4QFlor] Frag. 1-3 col. 1:16-17; Ezek 37:23)

7. The Psalm about the gentiles plotting against God’s Anointed refers to gentile kings attempting to destroy the elect Qumran Community (4Q174 [4QFlor] Frag. 1-3 col. 1:18-19; Ps 2:1-2)

8. Joshua’s curse on anyone who rebuilt Jericho signified Herod rebuilding Jericho and that evil that will follow from it (4Q175 [4QTest] 22-30; Josh 6:26)

9. Isaiah’s proclamation of the year of release signifies an eschatological return of the inheritance of Melchizedek (11Q13 [11QMelch] 2:4-6; Isa 61:1)

10. God’s standing in the divine assembly is Melchizedek’s “year of grace” in which he has a trial of judgment against the sons of Belial (11Q13 [11QMelch] 2:9-14; Ps 82:1-2)

    1. God = Melchizedek

    2. “The wicked” = Belial and the spirits of his lot

    3. His assembly = the assembly of Qumran

11. Isaiah’s prophecy of the messenger bringing good news of God reigning signifies an anointed one proclaiming salvation (11Q13 [11QMelch] 2:15-25; Isa 52:7)

    1. “The mountains” = the prophets

    2. “The messenger” = the anointed spirit spoken of by Daniel

    3. “Zion” = the congregation that has made the covenant

    4. “You God” = Melchizedek

12. Isaiah’s prophecy of the comforting Day of Yahweh signifies someone coming to teach people in the age of the world the truth (11Q13 [11QMelch] 2:19-21; Isa 52:7)

    1. “To comfort the afflicted” = to instruct those in the world in truth

PESHARIM

1. Isaiah’s allegorical prophecy of God ripping apart the tallest tree of Lebanon is interpreted as Israel and the meek of the earth destroying the Kittim (4Q161 [4QPIsa] Frags. 8-10 col. 3:1-9; Isa 10:33-34)

   1. “The tallest trunks” = the soldiers of the Kittim

   2. “The thickest of the wood” = the Kittim

   3. “The Lebanon, with its grandeur” = the commanders of the Kittim

2. Isaiah’s prophecy of a root of Jesse sprouting up signifies an eschatological Davidic king who will be supported by the Spirit of God and execute his enemies with the breath of his mouth (4Q161 [4QPIsa] Frags. 8-10 col. 3:1-9; Isa 11:1-5)

3. Isaiah’s woes against early drunken nobles also refers to the arrogant men in Jerusalem (4Q161 [4QPIsa] Frag. 1 col. 2:1-7; Isa 5:11-14)

4. Isaiah’s prophecy of a remaining remnant after the Babylonian Exile is eschatological (4Q163 [4QPIsc] Frags. 4-6 col. 2:8-13; Isa 10:20-22)

5. Isaiah’s prophecy of Yahweh establishing the afflicted Israel with sapphires signifies God electing and establishing the priests and people of the Qumran Community among the Israelites (4Q164 [4QPIsd] Frag. 1 lin. 1-3, Isa 5:11)

6. Isaiah’s prophecy of Yahweh making ruby battlements signifies the 12 chief priests who use the Urim and the Thummim (4Q164 [4QPIsd] Frag. 1 lin. 3-6, Isa 54:12)

7. Isaiah’s speech about how Yahweh carries His people like lambs in his chest signifies the Teacher of Righteousness who reveals the right teaching of Torah (4Q165 [4QPIse] Frags. 1-2 lin. 2-3, Isa 30:11)

8. Hosea’s speech on behalf of Yahweh about giving Israel abundance that they used to bow down to signifies Israel filling itself with what God has given them and turning their backs on His commandments and revering false gods (4Q166 [4QPHosa] Frag. 1 col. 2:1-6; Hos 2:8)

9. Hosea’s speech on behalf of Yahweh about taking back the good things that He gave Israel to clothe and provide for them refers to Him sending them away disgraced, hungry, and naked to the nations and His returning to save them (4Q166 [4QPHosa] Frag. 1 col. 2:8-14; Hos 2:9-10)

10. Hosea’s prophecy of Yahweh putting an end to Israel’s feasts and joys signifies Israel determining their celebrations with that of the nations and their joy turning to mourning (4Q166 [4QPHosa] Frag. 1 col. 2:14-17; Hos 2:11)

    1. The rebellion of Jacob = misdirected simpletons

    2. Samaria = the Spreader of Lies

11. Micah’s prophecy of Jacob’s rebellion being Samaria signifies the Spreader of Lies who led simpletons astray (1Q14 [1QPMic] Frag. 10 lin. 3-8; Mic 1:5)

12. Micah’s prophecy of Judah’s high place being Jerusalem signifies the Teacher of Righteousness who teaches the law to the Community and those who will carry it out (1Q14 [1QPMic] Frag. 10 lin. 3-5; Mic 1:5)

    1. Judah = the Qumran Community

    2. Jerusalem = the Teacher of Righteousness

13. Nahum’s prophecy about Yahweh rebuking the sea and drying it up signifies God judging the Kittim and ending their rule (4Q169 [4QNah] Frags. 1 + 2 + 5 lin. 3-6; Nah 1:4)

    1. “The sea” = the Kittim

    2. “Bashan” = the Kittim

14. Nahum’s prophecy of a lion easily going about without confrontation signifies Demetries the King of Yavan being advised by loose-Torah-interpreters and entering Jerusalem (4Q169 [4QNah] Frags. 3 + 4 col. 1:1-3; Nah 2:11)

15. Nahum’s outcry against the bloody city is about the city of Ephraim that settles for easy interpretations of Torah and is treacherous and deceitful in the eschaton (4Q169 [4QNah] Frags. 3-4 col. 2:1-2; Nah 3:1)

16. Nahum’s prophecy of endless war, terror, and endless corpses signifies those who go for easy interpretations of Torah continually being slain, looted, burned, exiled, and taken into captivity by the gentiles (4Q169 [4QNah] Frags. 3-4 col. 2:3-6; Nah 3:1-3)

17. Nahum’s prophecy against the prostitution of Nineveh for her prostitution signifies those who mislead Ephraim with lying and false teaching (4Q169 [4QNah] Frags. 3-4 col. 3:7-10; Nah 3:4)

18. Nahum’s prophecy of Yahweh exposing Nineveh signifies Yahweh exposing the uncleanness and the monstrosities of cities of the East (4Q169 [4QNah] Frags. 3-4 col. 2:10-3:1; Nah 3:5)

    1. “The skirts” = the uncleanness and refuse of the nations

19. Nahum’s prophecy of Yahweh throwing filth on Nineveh to make it disgusting and that people will flee from it signifies that the evil of those who go for easy interpretations of Torah will be exposed to Israel in the eschaton and many will leave them and join the Qumran Community (4Q169 [4QNah] Frags. 3-4 col. 3:1-5; Nah 3:6-7)

20. Nahum’s prophecy of other nations allying with Nineveh being carried off into captivity and being slain signifies Manasseh losing control of Israel and their children going into captivity or being slain (4Q169 [4QNah] Frags. 3-4 col. 4:1-4; Nah 3:10)

21. Habakkuk’s lament about the evildoer accosting the upright refers to the Wicked Priest and the Teacher of Righteousness (1QPHab :; Hab :)

    1. “The evildoer” = the Wicked Priest

    2. “The upright” = the Teacher of Righteousness

22. God’s response to Habakkuk about how He will do something that would not be believed were it not seen signifies the traitors and Man of Lies who do not believe what God said through the Teacher of Righteousness while also signifying traitors that will come in the eschaton who do not believe what will come in the eschaton (1QPHab 2:1-10; Hab 1:5)

23. God’s foretelling of how He will bring Babylon against Judah is about how He will send the powerful Kittim to slay many while not obeying God’s commandments (1QPHab 2:11-3:2; Hab 1:6)

24. Habakkuk’s lament about God using the Babylonians to judge Israel when He cannot see evil is about how God will not destroy Israel by the nations but His chosen ones will judge the evil Israelites (1QPHab 5:1-8; Hab 1:12-13)

25. Habakkuk’s lament about traitors being silent when the wicked destroy the righteous is about how Absalom and his people were silent when the Man of Lies and his people reproached the Teacher of Righteousness and rejected Torah in front of the Qumran Community (1QPHab 5:8-12; Hab 1:13)

26. Habakkuk’s lament about fishermen being proud about their nets and sacrificing to it is about how the Kittim gather booty and loot and sacrifices offerings to their weapons and standards (1QPHab 5:12-6:9; Hab 1:14-16)

27. Habakkuk’s lament that Babylon continually destroys nations without mercy is about the Kittim destroying many men, women, and children without pity or discrimination (1QPHab 6:9-15; Hab 1:17)

28. God commanded Habakkuk to write down what would happen in the eschaton but did not show him what would actually happen (1QPHab 7:1-2; Hab 2:1)

29. God’s statement about a vision for the unfailing eschaton means the eschaton will go beyond what even the prophets say and his promise about it not delaying and waiting for it means that those who rightly observe Torah will persevere in even when the eschaton is extended (1QPHab 7:6-14; Hab 2:3)

30. God’s speech about wealth corrupting one who boast and the nations working together against the boaster is about the Wicked Priest who gives over his loyalty to Israel and used his position of ruling to steal from brutal people, take public money, and do filthy things (1QPHab 7:3-13; Hab 2:5-6)

    1. The boaster = the Wicked Priest

31. God saying that someone's creditors and victims of pillaging will pillage them is about the priest who rebelled against God and the last priests of Jerusalem who accumulated riches and how the Kittim will attack them (1QPHab 8:13-9:12; Hab 2:7-8)

32. God’s woe against those who build houses on bloodguilt and the nations that tire themselves for fire and nothingness is about the Spreader of Deceit who misled many by building a useless city for himself with blood and suffering of others (1QPHab 10:5-13; Hab 2:12-13)

33. God’s woe against the one who made his companion drunk and gets infuriated while at festivals is about the Wicked Priest getting infuriated with the Teacher of Righteousness in the rest of the day of Atonement (1QPHab 10:2-8; Hab 2:15)

34. The Psalm verse that talks about the committed to Yahweh shining like the dawn is about the congregation of the poor being willing to do God’s will (4Q171 [4QPsa] 1:20-24; Ps 37:6)

35. The Psalm verse that says to be silent before God and hope in Him and not to be annoyed with the wicked is about how the Man of Lies didn’t listen to the Interpreter of knowledge, led many away with lies, and will die by the sword, hunger, and plague (4Q171 [4QPsa] 1:25-2:1; Ps 37:7)

36. The Psalm verse about controlling anger and how it only leads to evil and evildoers being cut off is about those who converted but did not separate from wickedness and how they will be cut off (4Q171 [4QPsa] 2:1-4; Ps 37:8-9)

37. The Psalm verse about those hoping in Yahweh inheriting the land is about the elect congregation (4Q171 [4QPsa] 2:4-5; Ps 37:9)

38. The Psalm verse about how the wicked will not last long is about evil being destroyed after 40 years (4Q171 [4QPsa] 2:5-8; Ps 37:10)

39. The Psalm verse about the poor inheriting the land in peace is about the congregation of the poor tolerating distress to eventually be freed from Belial’s snares and inheriting the land (4Q171 [4QPsa] 2:9-11; Ps 37:11)

40. The Psalm verse about the wicked plotting against the poor as Yahweh sees his coming day of judgment is about the ruthless Jews who plot to destroy the Community Council but how God will make the Community win (4Q171 [4QPsa] 2:13-16; Ps 37:12-13)

41. The Psalm verse about the evildoers bringing swords and bows to destroy the righteous poor and how their weapons will only hurt themselves is about the wicked of Ephraim and Manasseh trying to attack the Priest and his Council before they are given to the nations for judgment (4Q171 [4QPsa] 2:16-20; Ps 37:14-15)

42. The Psalm verse about the blameless not having famine and the wicked dying is about God preserving those who did not leave the elect during the famine and time of distress while others die of it (4Q171 [4QPsa] 3:2-5; Ps 37:19-20)

43. The Psalm verse about lovers of Yahweh being like lambs is about the chiefs and princes of the congregation being shepherds of their flock (4Q171 [4QPsa] 3:5-6; Ps 37:20)

44. The Psalm verse about the wicked not repaying their loans and the just giving and being blessed with the inheritance of the land is about the congregation of the poor inheriting the whole world and the high mountain of Israel while the wicked are cut off (4Q171 [4QPsa] 3:8-13; Ps 37:21-22)

45. The Psalm verse about a man being secured by Yahweh is about the Priest, or Teacher of Righteousness, who God chose to stand in His place and straightened his path in front of the congregation (4Q171 [4QPsa] 3:14-17; Ps 37:23-24)

46. The Psalm verse about the just inheriting the earth and living there forever is about them inheriting the earth for 1,000 generations (4Q171 [4QPsa] 4:2-3; Ps 37:29)

47. The Psalm verse about the wicked spying on the just to kill him while Yahweh does not permit it is about the Wicked Priest spying on and trying to kill the just man but God protecting the just and giving the Wicked Priest to the nations to be judged (4Q171 [4QPsa] 4:7-10; Ps 37:32-33)

48. The Psalm verse about the wicked person showing himself like a fruitful tree and then not being around again is about the Man of Lies trying to destroy the chosen ones and then being judged (4Q171 [4QPsa] 4:13-15; Ps 37:35-36)

49. The introduction the Psalm being done by the choirmaster, a Maskil, by the sons of Korah, is about the seven divisions of the converts of Israel (4Q171 [4QPsa] 4:23-24; Ps 45:1)

50. The Psalm verse about the Psalms having a good poem and the tongue of a speedy scribe is about the Teacher of Righteousness having an eloquent tongue and bringing people back to Torah (4Q171 [4QPsa] 4:24-5:2; Ps 45:1)

51. The Psalm verse about God dividing Shechem and how Gilead and Manasseh are His are about Gilead and Manasseh reunited (4Q171 [4QPsa] Frag. 13 lin. 1-6 Ps 108:7-8)

52. God’s statement to Noah that His Spirit will not abide with humans forever and that their days will be 120 years is about Him sending the flood in 120 years and not necessarily about Him shortening the human lifespan (4Q252 [4QPGena] 1:1-6; Gen 6:3)

53. Noah cursed Canaan for Ham’s sin because God had blessed all of Noah’s sons (4Q252 [4QPGena] 2:5-7; Gen 9:25)

54. Noah’s blessing of Shem and and speaking of Canaan being his slave and living in his tents is about the Canaanites living in the land that God promised to Abraham (4Q252 [4QPGena] 2:7-8; Gen 9:26-27)

55. Saul actually did slay Amalek the son of Esau (4Q252 [4QPGena] 4:1-2; 1 Sam 15:3-33)

56. Jacob’s blessing of Judah in saying that the scepter will not be removed from it is about David always having someone to sit on his throne until the Messiah of justice comes with his royalty (4Q252 [4QPGena] 5:1-5; Gen. 49:10)

    1. “The ruler’s staff” = the Davidic Covenant

    2. “His feet” = Israel

THE GENESIS APOCRYPHON

1. Noah began to till the earth with his whole family, make wine, and have a feast on the first day of the year with his family and his sons families instead of planting his own vineyard, getting drunk, and his family falling apart (1Q20 [1QapGen ar] 12:13-17; Gen 9:20-21)

2. Abram tells Sarah to masquerade as merely his sister because of a nightmare he has revealed to him by God (1Q20 [1QapGen ar] 19:14-21; Gen 12:11-13)

3. Abram is given many gifts by the Egyptians for the 5 years he’s with them before Sarai is with him in Egypt and Abram gets to read the Book of Enoch to them instead of them giving him gifts because they believed she was his sister (1Q20 [1QapGen ar] 19:22-27; Gen 12:14)

4. When the Egyptians see Sarai, they try to kill Abram until Sarai tells them that Abram is her brother (1Q20 [1QapGen ar] 20:1-10; Gen 12:15-16)

5. Abram prays that God do justice for him against the Pharaoh and not let him sleep with Sarai and God punishes him and all Egypt until one of Pharaoh’s advisors asks Abram to pray for Pharaoh (1Q20 [1QapGen ar] 20:12-29; Gen 12:17-19)

6. Pharaoh gave Abram Hagar among the many other going-away gifts (1Q20 [1QapGen ar] 20:32; Gen 12:20)

7. After Abram gives Lot his desired land, God promises Abram land by the Dead Sea, the Euphrates, the Red Sea and Sea of Reeds, and Gihon River (1Q20 [1QapGen ar] 21:13-19; Gen 13:14-17)

8. Salem is Jerusalem (1Q20 [1QapGen ar] 22:12; Gen 14:18)

WORDS OF THE LUMINARIES

9. God’s carrying Israel on wings like Eagles is about him carrying them above and apart from all the other nations (4Q504 [4QDibHama] Frag. 6 lin. 6-9; Ex 19:4)

10. Adam being made in the image of God is about him being filled with intelligence and knowledge (4Q504 [4QDibHama] Frag. 8 lin. 4-5; Gen 1:27)

BLESSINGS

11. The priests use an anti-Aaronic benediction to curse Melkrisha (4Q280 [4QBerakotf] lin. 2-4; Num 6:24-26)